The cultivation and harvesting of pistachios in Rafsanjan has become one of the main economic activities in this region. Many farmers and families benefit directly and indirectly from this industry. The area also hosts festivals and exhibitions related to pistachios, which promote this product and its farmers. Given the economic and social importance of the pistachio gardens in Rafsanjan, this region is recognized not only as an agricultural hub but also as a tourist destination for those interested in agriculture and nature. Visiting the pistachio gardens and learning about the harvesting and production processes provides a unique and educational experience for visitors. The process of planting and harvesting pistachios in Rafsanjan is a precise and well-planned operation that requires a thorough understanding of land conditions, climate, and the characteristics of pistachio trees. This process includes the following stages: Land Preparation: Before planting, the land must be well-prepared. This includes plowing, leveling, and creating irrigation channels. The soil must be free of weeds and pests, and if necessary, soil tests should be conducted to determine nutrient levels and optimize them. Choosing the Right Cultivar: Depending on the climatic conditions and soil characteristics, farmers need to select suitable cultivars of pistachios. In Rafsanjan, various cultivars such as Akbari, Kaleh Zard, and Ahmadi are grown, each with unique characteristics. Planting Seedlings: After preparing the land and selecting the appropriate cultivar, seedlings are planted in April or May (the suitable time for planting) at the appropriate depth and spacing. The timing of planting greatly impacts the growth and development of the trees. Irrigation: Irrigation is a key component in the planting and growth process of pistachios. In Rafsanjan, due to water scarcity, pressurized irrigation systems or drip irrigation are commonly used to make the most efficient use of water resources. Irrigation is especially critical during different growth stages, particularly during the fruit-bearing period. Maintenance and Care: The care of pistachio trees involves practices such as pruning, pest and disease control, and providing essential fertilizers to maintain the health of the trees and increase yield during different growing periods. Harvesting: Harvesting pistachios generally occurs in late summer and early autumn (around September and October). Pistachios are harvested when their shells split open and the kernels are sufficiently ripe. Both traditional and mechanized methods are used for harvesting. In the traditional method, workers shake the trees to collect ripe pistachios. Processing and Packaging: After harvesting, the pistachios are transported to farms, where the drying and processing processes begin. Once dried, the pistachios are packaged and shipped to domestic and international markets. These precise and specialized processes highlight the significance of pistachio gardens in Rafsanjan and the efforts of farmers to produce high-quality pistachios, which serve not only as their source of income but also have international prestige.